Intensive use of asphalt generates pollutants into the atmosphere which are harmful to the environment and worrying for occupational health. The application of asphalt products leads to emissions of significant concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and particulate matter (PM) to the atmosphere. This paper aims to assess the pollutant emissions into the atmosphere in real conditions of asphalt paving through sampling and quantification of PM, Black Carbon (BC) and PAHs in fine particulate fraction and PAHs in gas phase. Concentration intervals of PM1.0, PM2.5, BC1.0 and BC2.5 found during a highway reconstruction in Londrina/PR were respectively 5.6-20.5; 6.3-24.2; 2.0-6.8 and 1.8-6.5 µg m-3. During asphalt surfacing at the same city’s central bus station, the concentration intervals were 15.1-75.1; 19.7-150; 5.1-14.6 and 4.9-16.2 µg m-3 for PM1.0, PM2.5, BC1.0 and BC2.5, respectively. PAHs in the gas and PM fractions were found in both situations with higher concentrations in the gas phase. The results of this work can provide useful information to society in order to improve practices and promote lower environmental impact and health protection.

Resumo O artigo discute as dinâmicas atlânticas entre Salvador e Porto Novo, na Costa da Mina, durante o século XVIII. A despeito do foco da historiografia brasileira no tráfico baiano em Uidá, os portos a leste - os chamados “portos de baixo” - foram importantes terminais de deportação de africanos para as Américas. O artigo explorará ainda as dinâmicas entre Porto Novo e o Daomé, principal reino traficante do golfo do Benim no século XVIII, que reivindicava o “monopólio” do tráfico na região. O jogo político do tráfico de escravos envolvia entidades africanas locais, traficantes de diversas carreiras e autoridades coloniais. Observar as interações entre a Bahia e Porto Novo iluminará as diferentes fases do comércio atlântico no golfo do Benim no século XVIII.

Abstract The article discusses the Atlantic dinamycs between Salvador of Bahia and Porto Novo in eighteenth-century bight of Benin. In spite of the focus on the Bahian trade at Ouidah, the eastern ports of trade - the so-called “portos de baixo” (lower ports) - represented important points of deportation for Africans to the Americas. The article will also explore the dinamycs between Porto Novo and Dahomey, the major enslaving kingdom of the bight of the Benin in the eighteenth century, who claimed the “monopoly” over the trade in the region. The slave trade’s political game involved local African polities, slave traders of several European powers and colonial authorities. To look at the interactions between these two regions in the Atlantic will shed light upon the different phases of the Atlantic commerce in the bight of Benin during the eighteenth century.

Resumo: Em 1715, um viajante francês comentou que Salvador parecia uma "nova Guiné", devido à diversidade de origem dos escravos. Malgrado essa diversidade, Salvador guardava uma alta concentração de africanos escravizados que compartilhavam origens similares. Estes escravos vinham principalmente do golfo do Benim, a segunda maior região escravista na África. O artigo visa discutir a presença dos falantes das línguas gbè (ardras, minas e jejes, principalmente) na Bahia durante o século XVIII. O trabalho de Luís Nicolau Parés, A formação do Candomblé, ilumina a presença de africanos da área gbè na Bahia setecentista. Ainda assim, há a necessidade de investigar as dinâmicas atlânticas que resultaram na deportação de gbè falantes para as Américas à luz de novas fontes. Ao explorar as conexões entre os eventos políticos no golfo do Benim e o tráfico baiano de escravos, o artigo também busca os números e origens dos exportados para a Bahia. Procuro combinar análises quantitativas acerca dos números do tráfico transatlântico de escravos, inventários post mortem e registros de batismo de modo a lançar luz sobre as vidas dos africanos ocidentais na Bahia do século XVIII.

Abstract: In 1715, a French observer commented that Salvador appeared to be a "New Guinea", due to the diversity of slave origins. However, in spite of this diversity, Salvador had a high concentration of enslaved Africans who shared similar origins. These slaves came primarily from the Bight of Benin, the second largest slaving region in Africa. The article aims to discuss the presence of gbe-speakers (ardras, minas and jejes, primarily) in Bahia in the eighteenth century. The work by Luís Nicolau Parés, A formação do candomblé, highlights the presence of Africans from the gbè-speaking area in eighteenth-century Bahia. Yet, it is necessary to investigate the Atlantic dynamics resulting in the deportation of gbe-speakers to the Americas on the light of new sources. In exploring the connections between the political events in the Bight of Benin and the Bahian slave trade, the article also seeks to discuss the numbers and origins of those exported to Bahia. I intend to combine quantitative analysis on the numbers of the transatlantic slave trade and the records in the probate and baptismal records in order to shed light on the lives of these West African groups in eighteenth-century Bahia.